Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Characterized by an imbalance in reproductive hormones, PCOS impacts the ovaries and can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, fertility issues, and other health complications. Understanding PCOS, its symptoms, causes, and available treatments is essential for effective management and improved quality of life.
What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition where ovaries produce excessive male hormones (androgens), which disrupts the normal functioning of ovaries. In PCOS, multiple small cysts may form on the ovaries, leading to hormonal imbalances, irregular ovulation, and symptoms affecting overall health.Common PCOS Symptoms
Identifying PCOS symptoms early can significantly improve management outcomes. Key symptoms include:- Irregular periods: This is a primary symptom, often characterized by infrequent, absent, or prolonged menstrual cycles.
- Excess androgen: Elevated male hormones leading to physical symptoms such as excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), acne, and male-pattern baldness.
- Polycystic ovaries: Ovaries enlarge and contain numerous small cysts, detectable through ultrasound.
- Weight gain: Difficulty in maintaining or losing weight, particularly around the abdomen.
- Insulin resistance: Increased insulin levels can contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes.
- Mood swings and depression: Hormonal fluctuations may lead to emotional disturbances.
Causes of PCOS
While the exact cause of PCOS remains unclear, several factors contribute significantly:Genetic Factors
PCOS often runs in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Women whose mothers or sisters have PCOS are at increased risk.Hormonal Imbalance
High levels of androgens interfere with normal ovarian function, hindering regular ovulation.Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to increased insulin production and androgen secretion.Inflammation
Chronic inflammation is frequently seen in women with PCOS, which can stimulate polycystic ovaries to produce excess androgens.Diagnosis and Tests
At Care For Her, under the expert guidance of Dr. Anuja Ojha, we provide comprehensive testing to accurately diagnose PCOS. Available tests at our clinic include:- Pelvic Ultrasound: Checks for ovarian cysts and structural changes.
- Blood tests: Assess hormone levels, particularly testosterone, LH (luteinizing hormone), and insulin.
- Glucose tolerance tests: Evaluate insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes.
PCOS Treatment
Effective PCOS treatment is customized based on individual symptoms and health goals. At Care For Her, we offer a range of evidence-based treatments for managing PCOS:Lifestyle Modifications
- Weight management: Achieving a healthy weight through diet and exercise significantly reduces symptoms and improves insulin sensitivity.
- Balanced diet: Incorporating low-glycemic foods helps manage insulin levels.
Medications
- Hormonal contraceptives: Help regulate menstrual cycles and lower androgen levels.
- Metformin: Improves insulin sensitivity, reducing diabetes risk and aiding weight loss.
- Anti-androgen medications: Address excess hair growth and acne by reducing androgen effects.
Fertility Treatments
- Ovulation induction: Medications like Clomiphene citrate or Letrozole to stimulate ovulation for women trying to conceive.
- IVF (In-vitro fertilization): Recommended for women who do not respond to medication alone.