Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus, affecting many women during their reproductive years. While fibroids are usually harmless, they can sometimes cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, bloating, or fertility issues. When medications are not effective, surgery becomes the next step.
Two main surgical options are available – open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Understanding the difference between these procedures is essential in deciding which one suits your case best. In this guide, Dr. Anuja Ojha from Care For Her explains everything you need to know about open surgery vs laparoscopic surgery, including their benefits, risks, and recovery times.
What Are Fibroids and When Is Surgery Needed
Fibroids are benign tumors made up of muscle and connective tissue from the uterine wall. Their size can vary from a small seed to large masses that distort the uterus. Many fibroids don’t cause symptoms, but when they do, treatment becomes necessary. Your doctor may recommend surgical treatment if you experience:- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Severe pelvic pain or pressure
- Difficulty conceiving or recurrent miscarriages
- Rapidly growing fibroids
What is Laparoscopic Surgery
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure performed through small incisions in the abdomen. A thin, lighted tube called a laparoscope is inserted to view the uterus and remove the fibroids using specialized instruments. Fibroids laparoscopic surgery offers several advantages over traditional open methods. Since the incisions are smaller, recovery is faster, pain is reduced, and there is minimal scarring. Patients who undergo fibroids laparoscopic surgery typically return to normal activities within 1 to 2 weeks. This technique is ideal for women with small to moderately sized fibroids and those who prefer a quicker recovery and less postoperative discomfort.What is Open Surgery for Fibroid Removal
Open surgery for fibroid removal (also known as abdominal myomectomy) involves making a larger incision in the lower abdomen to access the uterus directly. This allows the surgeon to remove fibroids that are large, deep, or numerous. Although this method is more invasive, open surgery for fibroid removal provides better access and control, especially in complex cases. It is often the preferred option for women with very large fibroids, extensive growths, or when other organs like the bladder or bowel are affected. Recovery after open surgery for fibroid removal generally takes longer, around 4 to 6 weeks, and patients may experience more discomfort initially. However, it remains a safe and effective procedure for treating challenging cases.When is Fibroids Laparoscopic Surgery Recommended
Fibroids laparoscopic surgery is typically recommended when:- Fibroids are less than 10 cm in diameter
- There are fewer fibroids present
- The patient wants a faster recovery and minimal scarring
- The fibroids are located in areas easily accessible through a laparoscope
When is Open Surgery for Fibroid Removal a Better Option
While laparoscopic surgery is less invasive, open surgery for fibroid removal is sometimes the only feasible option. It is preferred when:- Fibroids are very large or numerous
- Fibroids are deeply embedded in the uterine wall
- The uterus is significantly enlarged
- There are previous abdominal surgeries or scar tissues that make laparoscopy difficult
- The patient has associated complications, such as severe bleeding or pelvic adhesions
Benefits and Risks of Each Approach
Both surgical options are effective, but understanding their pros and cons helps set realistic expectations.Benefits of Laparoscopic Surgery
- Smaller incisions and less visible scarring
- Shorter hospital stay and faster recovery
- Reduced postoperative pain
- Quicker return to daily activities
- Lower risk of infection
Benefits of Open Surgery for Fibroid Removal
- Allows removal of large or multiple fibroids
- Better visualization and control during surgery
- Suitable for complicated or high-risk cases
Possible Risks (for both types)
- Bleeding or infection
- Adhesion (scar tissue) formation
- Recurrence of fibroids over time
- Temporary fertility challenges in some cases